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Mathematics, health & fitness, business & finance, technology & engineering, food & beverage, random knowledge, see full index, 4.2 changing cities - case study: birmingham (paper 2) flashcards preview, aqa gcse (9-1) geography > 4.2 changing cities - case study: birmingham (paper 2) > flashcards.

<p>What is Birmingham's <b>Site</b>?</p>

<p>Birmingham is located in the <b>West Midlands</b></p>

<p>Birmingham is on a dry-point site on a plateau and is to the North of the River Rea to prevent flooding</p>

<p>How did Birmingham's <b>situation</b> help the city to develop?</p>

<p>When Birmingham began to develop canals and railways connected the Brum with other Midlands towns and the rest of the UK, enabling manufacturing to easily source raw materials and reach markets</p>

<p>Birmingham is in the centre of England so is well connected to the rest of the UK. Its good communications network is useful for industry, business and leisure</p>

<p>What is a CBD?</p>

<p>CBD stands for <b>Central Business District</b> which is the hub of the city and the centre of the local government</p>

<p>What is the <b>Inner City</b>?</p>

<p>The Inner City is where we find high-density terraced housing</p>

<p>The land is mainly used for residential use</p>

<p>What is the <b>Rural-Urban Fringe</b>?</p>

<p>The Rura-Urban Fringe is when town meets countryside</p>

<p>The main uses of land here are are business parks, airports, golf courses and some housing</p>

<p>When did urbanisation occur in Birmingham?</p>

<p>Urbanisation began in the 18 th century, when the industrial revolution began</p>

<p>The Manufacturing Industry created new jobs and many people came into the city for employment</p>

<p>How did Birmingham develop during the Industrial Revolution?</p>

<p>The city expanded due to the need of housing for factory workers</p>

<p>Estates such as Shelly Oak and Small Heath were built in a small-time to accommodate workers when they arrived from the countryside</p>

<p>How did Birmingham develop during Suburbanisation around the 1920s?</p>

<p>Larger houses were built on the outskirts of the city often semi-detached with gardens. Harborne and Yardley are examples of Birmingham's suburbs</p>

<p>There is better environmental quality and more green spaces compared to the Inner City and CBD</p>

<p>What was re-urbanisation in Birmingham?</p>

<p>In the 1990s, Birmingham City Council came up with the <b>Big City Plan</b> which aimed at regenerating the inner city. The Scheme aimed to build 5000 new homes and 50000 new jobs</p>

<p>Why has Birmingham's Population Increased?</p>

<ul><li><b>Natural Increase</b> - More Births and Less Deaths</li><li><b>Migration</b> - People migrate to the city due to better education and welfare</li></ul>

<p>Why does Birmingham have a large youthful poulation?</p>

<p>Birmingham has a youthful population due to the arrival of International Migrants for education</p>

<p>What is <b>Deindustrialisation<b>?</b></b></p>

<p>Deindustrialisation is the reduction of industrial activity in a region or economy</p>

<p>What are the consequences of deindustrialisation in Birmingham?</p>

<ul><li>Urban Decline</li><li>Deprivation</li><li>Housing Inequalities</li><li>Education</li><li>Dereliction</li></ul>

<ul><li>Globalisation</li><li>De-centralisation</li><li>Technological Advances</li><li>Transport Developments</li></ul>

Decks in AQA GCSE (9-1) Geography Class (33):

  • 1.1 Challenge Of Natural Hazards Overview (Paper 1)
  • 1.2 Uk Physical Landscapes (Paper 1)
  • 1.3 Coastal Landscapes And Processes (Paper 1)
  • 1.4 River Landscapes And Processes (Paper 1)
  • 1.4 River Landscapes And Processes Case Study: The River Eden (Paper 1)
  • 1.5 Glacial Landscapes And Processes (Paper 1)
  • 2.1 Global Atmospheric Circulation (Paper 1)
  • 2.2 Climate Change (Paper 1)
  • 2.3 Tropical Cyclones (Paper 1)
  • 2.3 Tropical Cyclones Case Study: Hurricane Sandy In Cuba (Paper 1)
  • 2.3 Tropical Cyclones Case Study: Hurricane Sandy In Usa (Paper 1)
  • 2.4 Drought (Paper 1)
  • 3.3 Temperate Deciduous Woodlands (Paper 1)
  • 3.2 Tropical Rainforests (Paper 1)
  • 3.1 Large Scale Ecosystems (Paper 1)
  • 4.1 Urbanisation (Paper 2)
  • 4.2 Changing Cities Case Study: Birmingham (Paper 2)
  • 4.3 Changing Cities Case Study: Mexico City (Paper 2)
  • 5.1 Overview Of Development
  • 5.2 Global Development Case Study: India (Paper 2)
  • Living World [Optional] Hot Deserts (Paper 1)
  • Living World [Optional] Cold Environments (Paper 1)
  • Physical Landscapes In The Uk Introduction (Paper 1)
  • The Changing Economic World (Paper 2)
  • 6.1 Resource Management Overview (Paper 2)
  • 6.2 Resource Management Energy (Paper 2)
  • 6.3 Resource Management Water (Paper 2)
  • 6.4 Resource Management Food (Paper 2)
  • 6.5 Resource Management: China
  • Fieldwork (Paper 3)
  • 6 The Challenge Of Resource Management
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birmingham case study geography gcse edexcel

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  • Created by: annamoshie1
  • Created on: 16-04-19 12:57

Describe the CBD of Birmingham 

Commercial and industrial use only, tallest and oldest building unless redeveloped

Describe the inner city of Birmingham 

First time buyers, student accommodation, cheap for immigrants, a poorer area

Describe the suburbs of Birmingham 

Bigger space than the inner city, semi-detached houses, 3 bedrooms, small front and back gardens busy roads, small shops

Describe the rural-urban fringe of Birmingham 

Wealthier parts, usually detached 4+bedrooms, more expensive land, better facilities eg.schools, and shops, usually have big front and back gardens 

Describe how land use changes away from the CBD

Goes from industrial/commercial to residential areas, houses become more expensive and bigger the further you get from the CBD, building height gets lower because there is more space so they build outwards not upwards, buildings get newer the further away you get 

Suggest reasons to explain why the land use changes away from the CBD

People want to live further away from environmental issues eg.pollution so they buy houses in the rural-urban fringe, further away gets newer because it all started building in the middle around the church and it expanded outwards, the land is cheaper further out so more land to build houses on therefore the houses …

  • Development Economic change function and structure of Birmingham

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Edexcel GCSE Geography Case Study Notes

Edexcel GCSE Geography Case Study Notes

Subject: Geography

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Assessment and revision

PMT Education

Last updated

8 February 2021

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These are notes for Edexcel GCSE Geography case studies (Hazardous Earth, Development Dynamics, Challenges of an Urbanising World and The UK’s Evolving Physical Landscapes). We also have Edexcel GCSE Geography case study flashcards which are a great revision aid. Check out our website for more revision resources and other subjects and levels.

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Geography Revision

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GCSE, AS and A Level Geography Revision

Edexcel B GCSE Geography – Revision Notes & Study Resources

Edexcel B GCSE Geography mapping file. Download our comprehensive teaching resources and revision toolkit today. Use the mapping table to align with the Edexcel B examination board. Updated and aligned to the new 2020 specification.

Look at you, you’ve almost got your GCSE Geography certificate! Well done, you’re so close. As exam season gets closer, you’re likely to be feeling a bit overwhelmed by how many exams you have to sit in such a short period of time. How are you supposed to regurgitate all that information so quickly? Worry not, help is here! Here is all you need to know about preparing for your Edexcel GCSE Geography exams and how we can help you.

You may have heard that there are many different examination boards – some of your friends might be taking the very same GCSEs but with different exams. The secret is that although there are so many exam boards, the content across them is fairly standardised. After all, a volcano is still a volcano whether you take AQA or Edexcel Geography! However, there are some small differences in the ways that exam boards assess your knowledge and knowing them can go a long way in helping you prepare. The Edexcel exam board particularly emphasises multiple-choice questions as a means of assessment. You should definitely take this into account when writing your revision plan – try and incorporate as many practice quizzes as you can!

About the Board

What does Edexcel stand for and where does it come from? Edexcel is actually a play on the beginnings of two words: education and excellence. In 2003 it became the first privately owned examination board in the UK after an agreement between the Edexcel Foundation and Pearson Plc. Both of the Edexcel GCSE Geography courses are linear subjects, so you will only acquire your grade if you take all of your examinations and pass which happens at the end of the course (not throughout it).

How long will the course take to complete?

Edexcel GCSE Geography usually takes two academic years to complete. However, some have managed to complete the course in one year and others have been known to start studying early and take three years.

Is any prior knowledge required?

Edexcel specifies that you are not required to have any prior qualifications in geography in order to take this course. However, they also do state that the subject course has been designed to follow the National Curriculum and that it does assume that basic geographical knowledge has been developed throughout earlier stages which prepares all students for the GCSE.

What will I study?

Edexcel is unique in that it offers two different types of GCSE Geography courses. There is GCSE Geography A which takes a thematic approach and breaks down concepts into human and physical geography (like most other exam boards). But there is also GCSE Geography B which takes an issues-based approach with specification content arranged around the UK vs global geography. It is up to you or your educational institution what version of Edexcel GCSE Geography you take. The subjects you will study do differ.

If you took GCSE Geography A then for physical geography you will study the changing landscapes of the UK; weather hazards and climate change; and ecosystems, biodiversity and management. Meanwhile, for human geography, you will study changing cities; global development; and, resource management. Within resource management, you’ll choose between two sub-topics: energy resource management or water resource management.

However, if you took GCSE Geography B then for global topics you will study hazardous Earth; development dynamics; and, challenges of an urbanising world. Whereas for UK topics you will cover the UK’s evolving physical landscape (inc. subtopics: coastal change and conflict, and, river processes and pressures); the UK’s evolving human landscape (including a case study on UK cities); and, geographical investigations (including one human and one physical fieldwork investigation).

What is the examination process like?

The examinations themselves will also depend on whether you elected to take GCSE Geography A or B. If you took GCSE Geography A, then you will take three exams in total. The first two (The Physical Environment and The Human Environment) will be worth 37.5% each and last 1 hour and 30 minutes each. The third assessment (Geographical Investigations: Fieldwork and UK Challenges) will also last 1 hour and 30 minutes but be worth 25% of your final grade.

If you elected to take GCSE Geography B, the structure of your exams will remain largely similar, but the content will of course differ. Similarly, the first two papers (Global Geographical Issues and UK Geographical Issues) will be worth 37.5% each and last 1 hour and 30 minutes each. The second assessment will also cover one physical and one human fieldwork investigation that you are required to complete. Meanwhile, the third assessment (People and Environment Issues – Making Geographical Decisions) will be worth 25% of your GCSE and also last 1 hour and 30 minutes.

To achieve the best possible results, you should revise for your GCSE Geography exams a few hours each day – ideally two to three. Make sure to balance your revision sessions with a healthy lifestyle. Both eating well (vegetables and fruits) and exercising regularly (get out into fresh air!) will help keep you fresh and motivated during the exam season. Meanwhile, if you want to keep revision sessions dynamic and most effective then start engaging with your content actively. Don’t just read for 2-3 hours per day. Instead, take notes, write up some flashcards and draw some mind maps. Not only will you have more fun doing this, but your brain is also more likely to retain the information that way.

As your revision progresses, start working on your time management skills by doing timed practice papers. You can usually use past exam papers for this exercise – it’ll also be useful as you’ll learn about how GCSE Geography exam questions are phrased. At GCSE Geography, we are devoted to helping you succeed in your exams. To do so we’ve got plenty of engaging resources waiting for you, so let’s begin!

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How is migration changing Birmingham?

Birmingham Skyline

Home > Geotopics > Birmingham > How is migration changing Birmingham?

What are the causes of migration to Birmingham?

The migration pattern in Birmingham is a combination of pull and push factors.  ‘Push’ factors, like a shortage of employment opportunities, tend to repel people from certain areas, while ‘pull’ factors, such as improved services, draw them towards other regions.

National and international migration of students to areas such as Aston has led to studentification (an increase in the number of young adults and the services begin to reflect this, and houses of multiple occupancies develop). The inner-city area around the newly redeveloped Brindley Place has a wide variety of highly skilled and high-wage national and international migrants.

Other inner-city areas like Digbeth have experienced waves of past and new migrants due to lower housing prices. Traditionally an Irish Catholic area, as these groups grew in wealth and moved towards the suburbs, newer migrant groups attracted by the Catholic churches and community moved in. This is currently a predominantly Polish area with the Katyn Café and Restaurant. Other areas have specialised to meet the needs of their population in both religious institutions and community centres, music and cuisine with mosques in Alum Rock, large-scale Diwali celebrations in south and west Birmingham and the Afro Caribbean Millennium Centre based in Kings Heath.

What is the influence of migrants on different areas of Birmingham?

Many international migrants have settled in Birmingham’s inner-city areas, such as Sparkbrook, Small Heath, Ladywood, Handsworth, Aston, and Soho. They were attracted by the affordable terraced houses available for rent and eventual purchase. Over time, these areas have seen the growth of vibrant communities comprising people from Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Currently, these city districts offer a variety of shops, services, and places of worship.

The choropleth map above shows the distribution of Birmingham’s population born outside the UK (international migrants). Many of the population living in the inner city and the northwest of Birmingham were born outside of the UK. Generally, the proportion of people born outside the UK decreases towards the suburbs.

Many recent immigrants have gravitated towards the city’s eastern areas, specifically around Bordesley, which is close to the city centre. In these parts, the terraced houses and apartment blocks were relatively affordable to rent or purchase, and community centres have been established to cater to the needs of both existing and new communities.

While immigrants might influence the characteristics of the areas they settle in, their initial location choices are often restricted. An increase in their numbers could result in various impacts on the areas they inhabit.

Age structure – Immigrants often settle in city areas with a young population. They typically have young children or are on the verge of starting families, which leads to increased demand for school spots.

Ethnicity – These parts of the city are generally the most ethnically diverse.

Population – Projections suggest these areas will experience some of the fastest population growth over the next decade.

Housing – The housing in these areas is often older, consisting of 1970s tower blocks or high-density low-rise terraces, making it more affordable.

Services – These city districts require various services, from health to education and employment. However, they are also some of the city’s most impoverished and deprived areas.

Deprivation – The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) employs data related to income, employment, health, deprivation, disability, education, housing, crime, and environment to formulate an index that mirrors the quality of life. The IMD pattern for Birmingham is displayed below, highlighting inequalities partly based on ethnicity. Find out more about Brimingham’s IMD .

Birmingham's IMD using English Indices of Multiple Deprivation vs a scaled version specifically for the city

A choropleth map showing Birmingham’s IMD using English Indices of Multiple Deprivation vs a scaled version specifically for the city Source: Tom Forth – https://twitter.com/thomasforth/status/1262875967166562304

Culture – Migrants introduce a rich cultural mix to the city, contributing to Birmingham’s status as one of the UK’s most diverse cities. While this diversity can occasionally give rise to tensions, it also draws individuals and businesses to the city.

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